Spore Reproduction in Plants and Other Organisms

Cry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton - 1076 Words

Alan Paton who was a South African author and anti-apartheid activist wrote the novel Cry, the Beloved Country, The novel publication in 1948 was just before South Africa institutionalized racial segregation under Apartheid. Paton addresses the destruction of the tribal system in South Africa due to white colonization by using the novel as a medium to illustrate is damage. Throughout the novel we are exposed to the numerous problems resulting from the colonization. Communities are in collapse, the land is bare, people are starving, and families are broken. These fictional communities and people are based on the real problem Paton saw in South Africa. The concern of â€Å"native crime† by the whites is a result of changes in the social†¦show more content†¦The most dramatic lost is of Stephen own son. Absalom while in Johannesburg is corrupted by his cousin and break into numerous white people’s homes. Absalom is the only one of three found guilty in the burglar y that lead to the death of Arthur Jarvis because he is the only one to admit his mistake while the other two, one being his cousin, denies any connection. Colonization and the unbearable life established by whites in South Africa has lead to the lost of family and sense of community. The Kumalo family serves are a prime example. They are act as individuals rather than a group in Johannesburg and this ends with numerous broken relationships such as John to Gertrude, Gertrude with her son, Absalom and his cousin. The family is battered and bruised as a whole, opposite of the tribal system of the Ndotcheni community that values togetherness and family. The deterioration of the tribal system can be stopped, but not without the help of the whites they must come together with the blacks to solve both their problems such as white priests like Father Vincent and black priests like Mismangu who lived and worked together to better themselves and those around them. It is not the fact that the tribal community and valves are broken by the whites, but â€Å"the tragedy is that they are not mended again. The white has broken the tribe†¦ It suited the white men to break the tribe. But is has not suited him to build something in the place of what is broken† (56).Show MoreRelatedCry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton838 Words   |  3 Pagesindividuals. Alan Paton examines this problem in Cry, the Beloved Country. Throughout the story, Paton adds specific personalities to his characters to contribute to change. Characters in Cry, the Beloved Country went through hardships that changed them to realize reality and its outcomes. Paton accordingly creates a picture throughout his story to explain the problems in South Africa. There are many contributing factors of Paton’s idea to identify as being important for change to occur in Cry, the BelovedRead MoreCry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton696 Words   |  3 PagesCry, the Beloved Country is a novel with remarkable lyricism written by Alan Paton. Born as a white South African, Alan Paton grew up during a time period marked by racial inequality and later became an activist against apartheid. He was a devout Christian so many of his writings reflect Christian faith. As an activist, he wrote many books about South Africa and racial injustice. While traveling around Europe, he began writing Cry, the Beloved Country, which was published in 1948. That same yearRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country By Alan Paton1155 Words   |  5 Pages Cry, The Beloved Country by Alan Paton is a stunning and all too accurate depiction of apartheid in South Africa. Even though the novel centers on John Kumalo and his struggling family, it subtly shows the social going ons of South Africa supposedly in 1948, when the book was written. Strong examples of this come across in the choral chapters of the novel. These chapters give voice to the people of South Africa. Chapter nine shows the struggles of being black during apartheid, chapter 12 shows theRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country, By Alan Paton1373 Words   |  6 Pagesescape with various routes, but an escape that interestingly calls back to the nature of innocence and child-like questions. It is in this way that Alan Paton’s enduring novel, Cry, The Beloved Country, takes on a unique and refreshing approach to a basic question: that of the equality and dignity of all people. Throughout Cry, The Beloved Country, Paton exudes frequent references to childhood, a devout religiosity, and of course, a return to simple questions; all of which contribute the idea of innocenceRead MoreCry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton778 Words   |  4 Pagesfront to give it the opposite meaning. Therefor e, it means a land free of cold and horror. It’s such an ironic name for a country where people are living their lives with hunger and fear. The conditions in South Africa during mid-1900 were even worse than they are today. Alan Paton addresses these issues in his novel, Cry, the Beloved Country, published in 1948. Paton uses two contrasting places to present his view of South Africa while suggesting solutions. The desolate village of NdotsheniRead MoreImagery In Cry, The Beloved Country By Alan Paton768 Words   |  4 Pagesnoises, etc, as did the roles in the novel. Alan Paton uses a strong voice packed with imagery in his passage, â€Å"For they grow red and bare; they cannot hold the rain and mist, and the streams are dry in the kloofs. Too many cattle feed upon the grass, and too many fires have burned it. Stand shod upon it, for it is coarse and sharp, and the stones cut under the feet. It is not kept or guarded, or cared for, it no longer keeps men, guards men, cares for men† (Paton, 34). The overwhelming senses of touchRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country By Alan Paton Reconciliation981 Words   |  4 PagesDespite the violence depicted amongst the whites and blacks of South Africa, in Cry, The Beloved Country by Alan Paton reconciliation and the spirit of unity present themselves through two men: Reverend Kumalo and James Jarvis. To be able to reconcile and unite with others, people must first be able to look inward and come to peace with themselves. One of the main struggles throughout Cry, The Beloved Country emanates from within the characters, as they try to come to terms with events. StephenRead MoreAlan Paton s Cry, The Beloved The Country1358 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Blacks, leading up to the Civil War, and during the Apartheid, the Natives were segregated from the Whites. In Alan Paton’s Cry, the Beloved the Country, the main character Stephen Kumalo goes through a journey to restore his tribe. During his journey, he discovers and learns of the injustices in South Africa. Through the parallels and contradictions of biblical allusions, Alan Paton is able to explain the impact of racial inequality in South Africa, but signifies how unconditional love and hopeRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country By Alan Paton Analysis929 Words   |  4 Pages It is no new information that God tends to take the ordinary people out of their normal lives and make something great out of them. This is exactly what happened to Stephen Kumalo in the book Cry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton. It is those are are broken and imperfect that God sees something special through. Taking these people out of their brokenness and make the world better through them. Like all the other ordinary people that got brought up by God, Stephen Kumalo’s journey was no differentRead MoreAlan Paton s Cry, The Beloved Country1747 Words   |  7 Pagesdevastating impacts of fear in slavery, Stalin’s brutal reign over Russia, and most significantly, the Nazi party. Fear has constantly been shown to possess and control people to engender dire consequences, much like it does in Alan Paton’s novel Cry, the Beloved Country. In his novel, Paton examines the negative impacts of fear, namely prejudice and corruption. Set in South Africa, the main chara cter, reverend Stephen Kumalo, observes the stark contrast between his poor village and the cosmopolitan city

Consumer Decision Making Process - Marketing Principles

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Principles for Consumer Decision Making Process. Answer: Introduction: According to Solomon (2014) ,consumer behavior is the process in which a consumer takes decisions and behaves while making purchases. It involves various factors that influence their decisions and usage. Consumer decision makin is the process by which a selection of a product is made. In this paper, a daily used product is selected, and the various steps and factors of consumer's decision making are applied to it. It would act as a guide for the marketers, to communicate and deal effectively with the customers. Analysis Scope: The brand selected for the analysis of this paper is Kelloggs (Australia) Pty Ltd. It gained the position of the top dealer of breakfast cereals in 2015. Its retail value sales were of 32% in the same year. Analysis aim: The aim of this paper is to analyze the how a consumer makes decisions while buying the breakfast cereals produced by Kelloggs. It analyses various decision making steps, the factors that determine the decisions of the consumers and even Maslows hierarchy of needs are also considered to see which levels of need is fulfilled by this product. Consumer Decision Making Process As stated in Kelloggs.com (2016), Kelloggs provides a range of healthy breakfast cereals which are used daily by all the citizens of the country. Though Kelloggs gains over the maximum market share value in Australia, there are many competitor companies that aim for the lead. Thus ensures that the company concerned must improvise their marketing strategy. Of the basic steps of marketing strategy is to understand the steps of consumer decision making. It makes it easier for the marketer to understand the complicated process. According to Hanna, Wozniak and Hanna (2013) Consumer decision making is completed in five steps. Need recognition It is the most crucial step of decision making for a consumer. The lag between the consumers actual situation and the desired one helps the consumer to recognize their needs. Nowadays, everyone maintains a busy schedule. A day started in haste leads to skipping of breakfast. It then results in weakness and lack of nutrition in life (Adam 2016) Information search The next step leads to the information to be gathered to overcome the need. Consumers start gathering information on the various ways in which the lack of healthy breakfast nutrition can be overcome. They will choose the product based on their previous experiences, advertisements, or information poured by their friends or families. So an efficient advertisement network of Kelloggs helps the company to be selected by the consumer to overcome their basic needs. Alternative Evaluation Once the information is collected, the consumer then focuses on the various alternatives that could be offered (Hanna, Wozniak and Hanna 2013). He chooses the most suitable option depending upon the objective and subjective characteristics of the products. Kelloggs is chosen by many, as it produces healthy breakfast cereals, since many years. Purchase decision This decision is that step which would affect the producer of the good. Here the consumer chooses the product and buys that depending upon the overall analysis that has been done. Kelloggs is a brand that is widely placed in the minds of the buyer, amidst all the other product. It is globally famous, with its variety of flavor ranges, it fits all the moods of the consumer from different ages. Post purchase behavior Post purchase behavior is one of the necessary steps of consumer decision making because it deals with the decision of the consumer whether to continue consuming the product in future or not. Till now, Kelloggs has been the most proclaimed brand for breakfast cereals, which has very few instances of disappointing its consumers. Hence, people prefer this product over others. Factors Affecting Consumer Decision Making There are four factors that consumer decision making- cultural, social, individual and psychological. 1.Cultural Factors As per Loy and Weiss (2013)A consumers choice making, is always influenced by his cultural surroundings. The values that are taught by the cultural environment evokes a direct relation to the choices made by the consumer. For a brand, it is important to understand the cultural value of the customers to whom the products are being sold. Kelloggs is an old brand that has continued being the best breakfast cereals for many years. The flavors are same and in fact, new developments are made that helps the people to make their choices easily. It is made of grains and consumed with milk; nutritional food one can consume or the start the day with. Social factors The consumption of a particular good depends on highly upon the social circumstance of the consumer. The social circle of a person consists of the homogeneous natured group, who influence and initiate the urge of buying a product. Kelloggs is one of the oldest consumer products which was rooted back in 1906 (Kelloggs.com 2016). Hence, it had been serving many families since then. It provides the consumer with the power of grains. This nutritional value of the product makes it famous among various social classes. Hence, it affects the factors that are socially responsible to stir the demand of buying the product. Individual factors- According to (Beneke, Brito and Garvey 2015)The individual factors that matter the consumer decision making are age, purchasing power, lifestyle, and personality . Kellogg's breakfast cereals are healthy nutritional food products that can be served to people of all age. It is easily available in the markets, and the price rates of the product make it possible to be bought even by the lower-middle income group families. The busy schedule of people does not allow them to invest hours in preparing a healthy breakfast(Kelloggs.com 2016). Hence consumptions of the breakfast cereals seem to be perfect for the current lifestyle. Psychological factors Motivation from people to achieve a healthy and fruitful life helps Kelloggs to be chosen widely as early morning breakfast. Perception of consumer that Kelloggs has the power of grains and the nutritional value of milk helps to raise its demand (Adam 2016). Learning and beliefs of people by consuming the product for the past many years help them to develop a positive notion regarding the product. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Maslow has stated that people get motivated to achieve certain needs. When ones need is fulfilled, another one arises. Maslow's of the hierarchy of needs has five motivational needs, which are depicted as five levels (Schmoldt et al. 2013). The five level of needs is biological and physiological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness needs, esteem needs and self-actualization needs. Kelloggs is a food product. It is as a breakfast meal by many households. It satisfies various needs that can be explained with the help of Maslows hierarchy of needs. It provides a well-nourished food, which enables people to consume it as a healthy breakfast. Hence, the first need, biological and physiological need is fulfilled. It protects the consumer and its family from skipping breakfast and enables them to start their day in a better way. Hence it provides stability in health and safety from being undernourished. So the second need of safety is fulfilled. Kelloggs provides the consumer with a sense of independence, as they do not have to depend on anyone to prepare their food. It is ready to use a healthy diet. It maintains the need of nourishment and therefore fulfills the fourth need, esteem needs. People realize their need for a healthy early morning breakfast. By consuming the ranges of breakfast cereals provided by Kelloggs they attain a sense of self-actualization. Out of five hierarchy levels of need, Kelloggs products fulfills four of them. References Adam, A., 2016. Nudging consumer behaviour in retail stores: a case study on breakfast cereals. Beneke, J., Brito, A. and Garvey, K.A., 2015. Propensity to buy private label merchandise: the contributory effects of store image, price, risk, quality and value in the cognitive stream.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,43(1), pp.43-62. Hanna, N., Wozniak, R. and Hanna, M., 2013.Consumer behavior: An applied approach. Kendall Hunt Publishing Company. Kelloggs.com. (2016). Kellogg's Official Website | Breakfast, Snacks, Recipes, Cereal. [online] Available at: https://www.kelloggs.com/en_US/home.html [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Loy, D.B.J.P. and Weiss, C., 2013. State Dependence and Preference Heterogeneity: The Hand of the Past on Breakfast Cereal Consumption. Maslow, A., 2012. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs [online] available from https://www. abraham-maslow. com/m_motivation.Hierarchy_of_Needs. aspgt. Schmoldt, D., Kangas, J., Mendoza, G.A. and Pesonen, M. eds., 2013.The analytic hierarchy process in natural resource and environmental decision making(Vol. 3). Springer Science Business Media. Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: prentice Hall.

Progressivism Essays (1928 words) - United States, American Studies

Progressivism Progressivism implies a philosophy that welcomes innovations and reforms in the political, economic, and social order. The Progressive movement, 1901 to 1917, was ultimately the triumph of conservatism rather than a victory for liberalism. In a general sense, the conservative goals of this period justified the Liberal reforms enacted by Progressive leaders. Deviating from the traditional definition of conservatism (a resistance to change and a disposition of hostility to innovations in the political, social, and economic order), the Conservatist triumph was in the sense that there was an effort to maintain basic social and economic relations vital to a capitalist society. The Progressive leaders essentially wanted to perpetuate Liberal reform in order to bring upon general conservatism. Expansion of the federal governments powers, competition and economic distribution of wealth, and the social welfare of American citizens concerned the many leaders of this era. The business influence on politics was quite significant of the Progressive Era. Not only did the three leading Progressive political figures, Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson, bring upon new heights to government regulation, but also the great business leaders of this era defined the units of political intervention. With political capitalism rising to fame, Progressive politics experienced new themes and areas. The inevitability of federal regulation policies, reformation of social welfare, conservation, and various innovations with banking led to one conservative effort: the preservation of existing powers and economic/social relations. The political leaders of this ear were conservative in that they all believed in the fundamentals of basic capitalism. The various forms of anti-trust legislation presented by each president made the nation one step closer to providing a stable, predictable, and secure, therefore, conservative capitalist society. Theodore Roosevelts statist tendencies brought new meaning to government regulation. Roosevelts Anti-Trust policy of 1902 pledged government intervention to break up illegal monopolies and regulate corporations for the public good. Roosevelt felt that bad trusts threatened competition and markets. in order to restore fre e competition, President Roosevelt ordered the Justice department to prosecute corporations pursing monopolistic practices. However, the Judicial Branch repudiated its duty (right of reason) and now, even if the impact of the market was not harmful, actions that restrained or monopolized trade would automatically put a firm in violation of the Sherman law. In 1902, the United Mine Workers were willing to submit to arbitration, but the coal operators adamantly opposed any recognition of the union. Thus, the union members decided to strike over wages, safety conditions, and union recognition. The Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902 ended with the appointment by Roosevelt of an arbitration commission to rule on the issues. Business men did not regard politics (government regulation) as a necessary evil, but as an important part of their position in society. Roosevelt did not see big business as evil, but a permanent development that was necessary in a modern economy. Roosevelt couldnt rely on the courts to distinguish between good or bad trusts. The only solution was for the executive to assume that responsibility. Roosevelts ingenious square dealings and gentlemens agreements controlled many firms. In 1903, a new cabinet position was created to address the concerns of business and labor (Department of Commerce and Labor). Within the department, the Bureau of Corporations was empowered to investigate and report on illegal activities of corporations. The abuse of economic power by railroads proposed another problem for Roosevelt. However, in 19 03, the Elkins Act empowered the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission, first American federal regulatory agency) to act against discriminatory rebates. Also, in 1906, the Hepburn Act increased the ICC membership from five to seven. The ICC could set its own fair freight rates, had its regulatory pwer extended over pipelines, bridges, and express companies, and was empowered to require a uniform system of accounting by regulated transportation companies. Besides economic relations, Roosevelt involved himself in many important conservative social relations. The Secretary of treasury created an inspection organization to certify that cattle for export were free of disease. With disappointing results, Germany and other European countries banned the importation of American meant. Federal regulation helped improve exports to Europe, free competition, another conservative effort. In 1906, the Meat Inspection Act provided for federal and sanitary regulations and inspections in meant packing facilities. Also, the Pure Food and Drug